Imfihlo Yesikhumba Nokususwa Kwebala

1) Imfihlo Yesikhumba
Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba ngokuyinhloko kuthonywa yizici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
1. Okuqukethwe nokusabalalisa kwezingulube ezihlukahlukene esikhumbeni kuthinta i-eumelanin: lena yi-pigment eyinhloko enquma ukujula kombala wesikhumba, futhi ukugxila kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwethoni yesikhumba. Phakathi kwabantu abamnyama, ama-melanin granules makhulu futhi asakazwa ngokuminyene; Phakathi kwama-Asiya namaCaucasus, incane futhi ihlakazeke kakhulu. I-Pheomelanin: inikeza isikhumba ithoni yombala ophuzi kuya obomvu. Okuqukethwe kwayo nokusabalalisa kunquma ithoni efudumele nepholile yombala wesikhumba, isibonelo, abantu base-Asia ngokuvamile banokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-melanin ensundu. Ama-carotenoid nama-flavonoid: Lawa ama-pigment angaphandle atholakala ekudleni, njengezaqathi, amathanga, nokunye ukudla okunothe nge-beta carotene, okungafaka umbala ophuzi kuya kuwolintshi esikhumbeni.
2. Okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin egazini lesikhumba kubizwa ngokuthi i-Oxyhemoglobin: I-Oxyhemoglobin, enombala obomvu ogqamile futhi igcwele esikhumbeni, ingenza isikhumba sibukeke sinempilo futhi sinempilo. I-Deoxyhemoglobin: I-hemoglobin engenawo umoya-mpilo ibonakala ibomvu ngokumnyama noma insomi, futhi uma ingxenye yayo egazini iphezulu, isikhumba singase sibonakale siphaphathekile.
3. Ngaphezu kwezinye izici, umbala wesikhumba nawo uthonywa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, amazinga ama-hormone, nezici zendawo ezungezile njengokuchayeka kwe-UV. Ngokwesibonelo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet ishukumisa ama-melanocyte ukuba akhiqize i-melanin eyengeziwe ukuze ivikele isikhumba emonakalweni.

2) Imfihlo ye-pigmentation

Amabala, ngokwezokwelapha aziwa ngokuthi ama-pigmentation lesions, ayinto yokufiphala kwendawo kombala wesikhumba. Zingaba nezimo ezihlukene, ubukhulu, nemibala, futhi zibe nemvelaphi ehlukahlukene.

Amabala angahlukaniswa cishe abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Ama-Freckles: ngokuvamile amancane, achazwe kahle, amachashaza ansundu anombala okhanyayo avela ngokuyinhloko ebusweni nakwezinye izindawo zesikhumba ezivame ukuchayeka elangeni.
Ama-Sunspots noma ama-Age spots: Lawa machashaza makhulu, anombala osuka ensundu kuye kwabamnyama, futhi avame ukutholakala ebusweni, ezandleni, nakwezinye izindawo zabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kanye nasebekhulile osekunesikhathi eside bechayeka elangeni.
I-Melasma, eyaziwa nangokuthi “amabala okukhulelwa,” ngokuvamile iveza njengamabala ansundu alinganayo ebusweni ahlotshaniswa noshintsho kumazinga e-hormone.
I-Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH): Lena umbala owenziwe ngenxa yokwanda kokufakwa kombala ngemva kokuvuvukala, okuvame ukubonakala ngemva kokuba induna noma umonakalo wesikhumba usupholile.

Izici zofuzo zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kombala: Izinhlobo ezithile zombala, njengamafreckles, zinezakhi zofuzo ezicacile zomndeni. Ukuchayeka kwe-Ultraviolet: Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet iyimbangela eyinhloko yemibala ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ama-sunspots kanye ne-melasma. Amazinga e-hormone: Ukukhulelwa, izidakamizwa zokuvimbela inzalo, noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine konke kungabangela izinguquko emazingeni ama-hormone, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-melasma. Ukuvuvukala: Noma yisiphi isici esidala ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, njengezinduna, ukuhlukumezeka, noma ukungezwani komzimba, kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala kwangemuva. Imiphumela engemihle yezidakamizwa: Eminye imithi, njengemithi ethile elwa nomalaleveva kanye nemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ingase ibangele ukwakheka kombala. Umbala wesikhumba: Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bathambekele ekubeni nebala eliningi ngokweqile.